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About
This applet demonstrates what happens when many samples are taken repeatedly from a population of fixed normal distribution.
1. Choose the mean and standard deviation of the population.
2. Choose the sample size and number of samples you wish to take.
3. Press "play". The applet will generate the random samples and keep a tally of their means.
4. Click on the checkbox to see another Gaussian curve. Try and adjust its mean and standard deviation to determine the best fit for the histogram. (Note: y-values are scaled so that the curve's height is comparable to the histogram's.)
Joomla! Debug Console
{
"__default": {
"session": {
"counter": 1,
"timer": {
"start": 1777109768,
"last": 1777109768,
"now": 1777109768
}
},
"registry": {},
"user": {
"id": 0,
"name": null,
"username": null,
"email": null,
"password": null,
"password_clear": "",
"block": null,
"sendEmail": 0,
"registerDate": null,
"lastvisitDate": null,
"activation": null,
"params": null,
"groups": [],
"guest": 1,
"lastResetTime": null,
"resetCount": null,
"requireReset": null,
"aid": 0
}
}
}
Time
Memory
Time: 8.97 ms / 8.97 ms Memory: 2.021 MB / 2.39 MB Application: afterLoad
Time: 37.48 ms / 46.45 ms Memory: 5.967 MB / 8.36 MB Application: afterInitialise
Time: 32.93 ms / 79.38 ms Memory: 7.079 MB / 15.44 MB Application: afterRoute
Time: 0.35 ms / 79.73 ms Memory: 0.026 MB / 15.46 MB Application: beforeRenderComponent com_content
Time: 2.22 ms / 81.95 ms Memory: 0.405 MB / 15.87 MB Application: Before Access::preloadComponents (all components)
Time: 0.63 ms / 82.59 ms Memory: 0.060 MB / 15.93 MB Application: After Access::preloadComponents (all components)
Time: 0.02 ms / 82.60 ms Memory: -0.005 MB / 15.92 MB Application: Before Access::preloadPermissions (com_content)
Time: 3.11 ms / 85.72 ms Memory: 1.375 MB / 17.30 MB Application: After Access::preloadPermissions (com_content)
Time: 0.04 ms / 85.75 ms Memory: -0.066 MB / 17.23 MB Application: Before Access::getAssetRules (id:339 name:com_content.article.132)
Time: 0.30 ms / 86.06 ms Memory: 0.028 MB / 17.26 MB Application: After Access::getAssetRules (id:339 name:com_content.article.132)
Time: 14.26 ms / 100.32 ms Memory: 1.309 MB / 18.57 MB Application: Before Access::getAssetRules (id:1 name:root.1)
Time: 0.03 ms / 100.35 ms Memory: 0.007 MB / 18.57 MB Application: After Access::getAssetRules (id:1 name:root.1)
Time: 42.34 ms / 142.69 ms Memory: 1.409 MB / 19.98 MB Application: afterRenderComponent com_content
Time: 1.53 ms / 144.21 ms Memory: 0.194 MB / 20.18 MB Application: afterDispatch
Time: 5.07 ms / 149.28 ms Memory: 0.294 MB / 20.47 MB Application: afterRender
Database queries total: 18.41 ms
20.83 MB (21,838,992 Bytes)
26 Queries Logged 18.41 ms
- Query Time: 0.18 ms Query memory: 0.023 MB Memory before query: 4.163 MB Rows returned: 0
SELECT `data`
FROM `ospsg_session`
WHERE `session_id` = X'3930316132663132616334623134393134303735356639626463333739646561'id select_type table partitions type possible_keys key key_len ref rows filtered Extra 1 SIMPLE ospsg_session NULL const PRIMARY PRIMARY 194 const 1 100.00 NULL Status Duration starting 0.03 ms Executing hook on transaction 0.00 ms starting 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms Opening tables 0.02 ms init 0.01 ms System lock 0.01 ms optimizing 0.01 ms statistics 0.04 ms executing 0.01 ms end 0.00 ms query end 0.00 ms waiting for handler commit 0.01 ms closing tables 0.01 ms freeing items 0.01 ms cleaning up 0.01 ms # Caller File and line number 16 JDatabaseDriverMysqli->execute() JROOT/libraries/joomla/database/driver.php:1740 15 JDatabaseDriver->loadResult() JROOT/libraries/joomla/session/storage/database.php:45 14 JSessionStorageDatabase->read() Same as call in the line below. 13 session_start() JROOT/libraries/joomla/session/handler/native.php:260 12 JSessionHandlerNative->doSessionStart() JROOT/libraries/joomla/session/handler/native.php:50 11 JSessionHandlerNative->start() JROOT/libraries/joomla/session/handler/joomla.php:88 10 JSessionHandlerJoomla->start() JROOT/libraries/src/Session/Session.php:661 9 Joomla\CMS\Session\Session->_start() JROOT/libraries/src/Session/Session.php:621 8 Joomla\CMS\Session\Session->start() JROOT/libraries/src/Session/Session.php:499 7 Joomla\CMS\Session\Session->get() JROOT/libraries/src/Session/Session.php:456 6 Joomla\CMS\Session\Session->isNew() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:826 5 Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->loadSession() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:136 4 Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->__construct() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:66 3 Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->__construct() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:386 2 Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication::getInstance() JROOT/libraries/src/Factory.php:140 1 Joomla\CMS\Factory::getApplication() JROOT/index.php:46 - Query Time: 0.12 ms After last query: 0.67 ms Query memory: 0.020 MB Memory before query: 4.258 MB Rows returned: 0
SELECT `session_id`
FROM `ospsg_session`
WHERE `session_id` = X'3930316132663132616334623134393134303735356639626463333739646561'
LIMIT 1id select_type table partitions type possible_keys key key_len ref rows filtered Extra 1 SIMPLE ospsg_session NULL const PRIMARY PRIMARY 194 const 1 100.00 Using index Status Duration starting 0.02 ms Executing hook on transaction 0.00 ms starting 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms Opening tables 0.01 ms init 0.00 ms System lock 0.00 ms optimizing 0.01 ms statistics 0.02 ms executing 0.01 ms end 0.00 ms query end 0.00 ms waiting for handler commit 0.00 ms closing tables 0.00 ms freeing items 0.01 ms cleaning up 0.00 ms # Caller File and line number 9 JDatabaseDriverMysqli->execute() JROOT/libraries/joomla/database/driver.php:1740 8 JDatabaseDriver->loadResult() JROOT/libraries/src/Session/MetadataManager.php:74 7 Joomla\CMS\Session\MetadataManager->createRecordIfNonExisting() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:154 6 Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->checkSession() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:828 5 Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->loadSession() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:136 4 Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->__construct() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:66 3 Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->__construct() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:386 2 Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication::getInstance() JROOT/libraries/src/Factory.php:140 1 Joomla\CMS\Factory::getApplication() JROOT/index.php:46 - Query Time: 1.97 ms After last query: 0.05 ms Query memory: 0.004 MB Memory before query: 4.263 MB
INSERT INTO `ospsg_session` (`session_id`,`guest`,`time`,`userid`,`username`,`client_id`)
VALUES (X'3930316132663132616334623134393134303735356639626463333739646561', 1, 1777109768, 0, '', 0)EXPLAIN not possible on query: INSERT INTO `ospsg_session` (`session_id`,`guest`,`time`,`userid`,`username`,`client_id`) VALUES (X'3930316132663132616334623134393134303735356639626463333739646561', 1, 1777109768, 0, '', 0)Status Duration starting 0.03 ms Executing hook on transaction 0.00 ms starting 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms Opening tables 0.01 ms init 0.00 ms System lock 0.00 ms update 0.07 ms end 0.00 ms query end 0.00 ms waiting for handler commit 1.80 ms closing tables 0.01 ms freeing items 0.01 ms cleaning up 0.00 ms # Caller File and line number 8 JDatabaseDriverMysqli->execute() JROOT/libraries/src/Session/MetadataManager.php:116 7 Joomla\CMS\Session\MetadataManager->createRecordIfNonExisting() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:154 6 Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->checkSession() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:828 5 Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->loadSession() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:136 4 Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->__construct() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:66 3 Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->__construct() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:386 2 Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication::getInstance() JROOT/libraries/src/Factory.php:140 1 Joomla\CMS\Factory::getApplication() JROOT/index.php:46 - Query Time: 0.14 ms After last query: 2.95 ms Query memory: 0.021 MB Memory before query: 4.814 MB Rows returned: 5
SELECT id, rules
FROM `ospsg_viewlevels`id select_type table partitions type possible_keys key key_len ref rows filtered Extra 1 SIMPLE ospsg_viewlevels NULL ALL NULL NO INDEX KEY COULD BE USED NULL NULL 5 100.00 NULL Status Duration starting 0.02 ms Executing hook on transaction 0.00 ms starting 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms Opening tables 0.01 ms init 0.00 ms System lock 0.00 ms optimizing 0.00 ms statistics 0.01 ms preparing 0.01 ms executing 0.02 ms end 0.00 ms query end 0.00 ms waiting for handler commit 0.00 ms closing tables 0.00 ms freeing items 0.01 ms cleaning up 0.01 ms # Caller File and line number 10 JDatabaseDriverMysqli->execute() JROOT/libraries/joomla/database/driver.php:1506 9 JDatabaseDriver->loadAssocList() JROOT/libraries/src/Access/Access.php:1063 8 Joomla\CMS\Access\Access::getAuthorisedViewLevels() JROOT/libraries/src/User/User.php:458 7 Joomla\CMS\User\User->getAuthorisedViewLevels() JROOT/libraries/src/Plugin/PluginHelper.php:318 6 Joomla\CMS\Plugin\PluginHelper::load() JROOT/libraries/src/Plugin/PluginHelper.php:87 5 Joomla\CMS\Plugin\PluginHelper::getPlugin() JROOT/libraries/src/Plugin/PluginHelper.php:129 4 Joomla\CMS\Plugin\PluginHelper::isEnabled() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:604 3 Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->initialiseApp() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:212 2 Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->doExecute() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:225 1 Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->execute() JROOT/index.php:49 - Query Time: 0.20 ms After last query: 0.05 ms Query memory: 0.021 MB Memory before query: 4.826 MB Rows returned: 1
SELECT b.id
FROM ospsg_usergroups AS a
LEFT JOIN ospsg_usergroups AS b
ON b.lft <= a.lft
AND b.rgt >= a.rgt
WHERE a.id = 1id select_type table partitions type possible_keys key key_len ref rows filtered Extra 1 SIMPLE a NULL const PRIMARY PRIMARY 4 const 1 100.00 NULL 1 SIMPLE b NULL range idx_usergroup_nested_set_lookup idx_usergroup_nested_set_lookup 4 NULL 1 100.00 Using where; Using index Status Duration starting 0.03 ms Executing hook on transaction 0.00 ms starting 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms Opening tables 0.02 ms init 0.00 ms System lock 0.00 ms optimizing 0.01 ms statistics 0.04 ms preparing 0.02 ms executing 0.02 ms end 0.00 ms query end 0.00 ms waiting for handler commit 0.00 ms closing tables 0.00 ms freeing items 0.01 ms cleaning up 0.01 ms # Caller File and line number 11 JDatabaseDriverMysqli->execute() JROOT/libraries/joomla/database/driver.php:1550 10 JDatabaseDriver->loadColumn() JROOT/libraries/src/Access/Access.php:980 9 Joomla\CMS\Access\Access::getGroupsByUser() JROOT/libraries/src/Access/Access.php:1095 8 Joomla\CMS\Access\Access::getAuthorisedViewLevels() JROOT/libraries/src/User/User.php:458 7 Joomla\CMS\User\User->getAuthorisedViewLevels() JROOT/libraries/src/Plugin/PluginHelper.php:318 6 Joomla\CMS\Plugin\PluginHelper::load() JROOT/libraries/src/Plugin/PluginHelper.php:87 5 Joomla\CMS\Plugin\PluginHelper::getPlugin() JROOT/libraries/src/Plugin/PluginHelper.php:129 4 Joomla\CMS\Plugin\PluginHelper::isEnabled() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:604 3 Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->initialiseApp() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:212 2 Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->doExecute() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:225 1 Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->execute() JROOT/index.php:49 - Query Time: 0.17 ms After last query: 19.98 ms Query memory: 0.020 MB Memory before query: 8.244 MB Rows returned: 1
SELECT count(*)
FROM `ospsg_cwgears_schedule`id select_type table partitions type possible_keys key key_len ref rows filtered Extra 1 SIMPLE NULL NULL NULL NULL NO INDEX KEY COULD BE USED NULL NULL NULL NULL Select tables optimized away Status Duration starting 0.05 ms Executing hook on transaction 0.00 ms starting 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms Opening tables 0.02 ms init 0.00 ms System lock 0.01 ms optimizing 0.01 ms executing 0.01 ms end 0.00 ms query end 0.00 ms closing tables 0.01 ms freeing items 0.01 ms cleaning up 0.00 ms # Caller File and line number 10 JDatabaseDriverMysqli->execute() JROOT/libraries/joomla/database/driver.php:1740 9 JDatabaseDriver->loadResult() JROOT/plugins/system/cwgears/cwgears.php:102 8 plgSystemCwgears->onAfterInitialise() JROOT/libraries/joomla/event/event.php:70 7 JEvent->update() JROOT/libraries/joomla/event/dispatcher.php:160 6 JEventDispatcher->trigger() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/BaseApplication.php:108 5 Joomla\CMS\Application\BaseApplication->triggerEvent() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:668 4 Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->initialiseApp() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:686 3 Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->initialiseApp() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:212 2 Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->doExecute() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:225 1 Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->execute() JROOT/index.php:49 - Query Time: 0.14 ms After last query: 0.04 ms Query memory: 0.020 MB Memory before query: 8.250 MB Rows returned: 1
SELECT count(*)
FROM `ospsg_cwgears_schedule`
WHERE time + '3600'<'1777109768'id select_type table partitions type possible_keys key key_len ref rows filtered Extra 1 SIMPLE NULL NULL NULL NULL NO INDEX KEY COULD BE USED NULL NULL NULL NULL Impossible WHERE noticed after reading const tables Status Duration starting 0.03 ms Executing hook on transaction 0.00 ms starting 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms Opening tables 0.02 ms init 0.00 ms System lock 0.00 ms optimizing 0.01 ms statistics 0.02 ms preparing 0.01 ms executing 0.01 ms end 0.00 ms query end 0.00 ms closing tables 0.00 ms freeing items 0.01 ms cleaning up 0.01 ms # Caller File and line number 10 JDatabaseDriverMysqli->execute() JROOT/libraries/joomla/database/driver.php:1740 9 JDatabaseDriver->loadResult() JROOT/plugins/system/cwgears/cwgears.php:145 8 plgSystemCwgears->onAfterInitialise() JROOT/libraries/joomla/event/event.php:70 7 JEvent->update() JROOT/libraries/joomla/event/dispatcher.php:160 6 JEventDispatcher->trigger() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/BaseApplication.php:108 5 Joomla\CMS\Application\BaseApplication->triggerEvent() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:668 4 Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->initialiseApp() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:686 3 Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->initialiseApp() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:212 2 Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->doExecute() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:225 1 Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->execute() JROOT/index.php:49 - Query Time: 1.70 ms After last query: 15.39 ms Query memory: 0.026 MB Memory before query: 12.076 MB Rows returned: 142Duplicate queries: #26
SHOW TABLES
EXPLAIN not possible on query: SHOW TABLESStatus Duration checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.03 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.03 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.03 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.03 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.03 ms end 0.00 ms query end 0.00 ms waiting for handler commit 0.01 ms closing tables 0.01 ms freeing items 0.03 ms cleaning up 0.01 ms # Caller File and line number 13 JDatabaseDriverMysqli->execute() JROOT/libraries/joomla/database/driver.php:1550 12 JDatabaseDriver->loadColumn() JROOT/libraries/joomla/database/driver/mysqli.php:505 11 JDatabaseDriverMysqli->getTableList() JROOT/administrator/components/com_acym/libraries/joomla/database.php:116 10 acym_getTableList() JROOT/administrator/components/com_acym/helpers/global/addon.php:10 9 acym_trigger() JROOT/plugins/system/acymtriggers/acymtriggers.php:424 8 plgSystemAcymtriggers->onAfterRoute() JROOT/libraries/joomla/event/event.php:70 7 JEvent->update() JROOT/libraries/joomla/event/dispatcher.php:160 6 JEventDispatcher->trigger() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/BaseApplication.php:108 5 Joomla\CMS\Application\BaseApplication->triggerEvent() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:1190 4 Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->route() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:796 3 Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->route() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:218 2 Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->doExecute() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:225 1 Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->execute() JROOT/index.php:49 - Query Time: 0.24 ms After last query: 0.44 ms Query memory: 0.034 MB Memory before query: 12.118 MB Rows returned: 132
SELECT *
FROM ospsg_acym_configurationid select_type table partitions type possible_keys key key_len ref rows filtered Extra 1 SIMPLE ospsg_acym_configuration NULL ALL NULL NO INDEX KEY COULD BE USED NULL NULL 132 100.00 NULL Status Duration starting 0.03 ms Executing hook on transaction 0.00 ms starting 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms Opening tables 0.01 ms init 0.00 ms System lock 0.00 ms optimizing 0.00 ms statistics 0.01 ms preparing 0.01 ms executing 0.10 ms end 0.00 ms query end 0.00 ms waiting for handler commit 0.00 ms closing tables 0.01 ms freeing items 0.01 ms cleaning up 0.00 ms # Caller File and line number 17 JDatabaseDriverMysqli->execute() JROOT/libraries/joomla/database/driver.php:1701 16 JDatabaseDriver->loadObjectList() JROOT/administrator/components/com_acym/libraries/joomla/database.php:32 15 acym_loadObjectList() JROOT/administrator/components/com_acym/classes/configuration.php:21 14 AcyMailing\Classes\ConfigurationClass->load() JROOT/administrator/components/com_acym/helpers/global/global.php:37 13 acym_config() JROOT/administrator/components/com_acym/libraries/object.php:14 12 AcyMailing\Libraries\acymObject->__construct() JROOT/administrator/components/com_acym/classes/plugin.php:13 11 AcyMailing\Classes\PluginClass->__construct() JROOT/administrator/components/com_acym/libraries/joomla/extension.php:76 10 acym_loadPlugins() JROOT/administrator/components/com_acym/helpers/global/addon.php:21 9 acym_trigger() JROOT/plugins/system/acymtriggers/acymtriggers.php:424 8 plgSystemAcymtriggers->onAfterRoute() JROOT/libraries/joomla/event/event.php:70 7 JEvent->update() JROOT/libraries/joomla/event/dispatcher.php:160 6 JEventDispatcher->trigger() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/BaseApplication.php:108 5 Joomla\CMS\Application\BaseApplication->triggerEvent() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:1190 4 Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->route() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:796 3 Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->route() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:218 2 Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->doExecute() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:225 1 Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->execute() JROOT/index.php:49 - Query Time: 0.13 ms After last query: 0.09 ms Query memory: 0.023 MB Memory before query: 12.204 MB Rows returned: 2Duplicate queries: #11
SELECT *
FROM ospsg_acym_pluginid select_type table partitions type possible_keys key key_len ref rows filtered Extra 1 SIMPLE ospsg_acym_plugin NULL ALL NULL NO INDEX KEY COULD BE USED NULL NULL 2 100.00 NULL Status Duration starting 0.02 ms Executing hook on transaction 0.00 ms starting 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms Opening tables 0.01 ms init 0.00 ms System lock 0.00 ms optimizing 0.00 ms statistics 0.01 ms preparing 0.01 ms executing 0.02 ms end 0.00 ms query end 0.00 ms waiting for handler commit 0.00 ms closing tables 0.01 ms freeing items 0.01 ms cleaning up 0.01 ms # Caller File and line number 15 JDatabaseDriverMysqli->execute() JROOT/libraries/joomla/database/driver.php:1701 14 JDatabaseDriver->loadObjectList() JROOT/administrator/components/com_acym/libraries/joomla/database.php:32 13 acym_loadObjectList() JROOT/administrator/components/com_acym/libraries/class.php:58 12 AcyMailing\Libraries\acymClass->getAll() JROOT/administrator/components/com_acym/classes/plugin.php:20 11 AcyMailing\Classes\PluginClass->__construct() JROOT/administrator/components/com_acym/libraries/joomla/extension.php:76 10 acym_loadPlugins() JROOT/administrator/components/com_acym/helpers/global/addon.php:21 9 acym_trigger() JROOT/plugins/system/acymtriggers/acymtriggers.php:424 8 plgSystemAcymtriggers->onAfterRoute() JROOT/libraries/joomla/event/event.php:70 7 JEvent->update() JROOT/libraries/joomla/event/dispatcher.php:160 6 JEventDispatcher->trigger() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/BaseApplication.php:108 5 Joomla\CMS\Application\BaseApplication->triggerEvent() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:1190 4 Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->route() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:796 3 Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->route() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:218 2 Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->doExecute() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:225 1 Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->execute() JROOT/index.php:49 - Query Time: 0.12 ms After last query: 0.03 ms Query memory: 0.022 MB Memory before query: 12.213 MB Rows returned: 2Duplicate queries: #10
SELECT *
FROM ospsg_acym_pluginid select_type table partitions type possible_keys key key_len ref rows filtered Extra 1 SIMPLE ospsg_acym_plugin NULL ALL NULL NO INDEX KEY COULD BE USED NULL NULL 2 100.00 NULL Status Duration starting 0.01 ms Executing hook on transaction 0.00 ms starting 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms Opening tables 0.01 ms init 0.00 ms System lock 0.00 ms optimizing 0.00 ms statistics 0.01 ms preparing 0.01 ms executing 0.02 ms end 0.00 ms query end 0.00 ms waiting for handler commit 0.00 ms closing tables 0.01 ms freeing items 0.01 ms cleaning up 0.00 ms # Caller File and line number 14 JDatabaseDriverMysqli->execute() JROOT/libraries/joomla/database/driver.php:1701 13 JDatabaseDriver->loadObjectList() JROOT/administrator/components/com_acym/libraries/joomla/database.php:32 12 acym_loadObjectList() JROOT/administrator/components/com_acym/libraries/class.php:58 11 AcyMailing\Libraries\acymClass->getAll() JROOT/administrator/components/com_acym/libraries/joomla/extension.php:77 10 acym_loadPlugins() JROOT/administrator/components/com_acym/helpers/global/addon.php:21 9 acym_trigger() JROOT/plugins/system/acymtriggers/acymtriggers.php:424 8 plgSystemAcymtriggers->onAfterRoute() JROOT/libraries/joomla/event/event.php:70 7 JEvent->update() JROOT/libraries/joomla/event/dispatcher.php:160 6 JEventDispatcher->trigger() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/BaseApplication.php:108 5 Joomla\CMS\Application\BaseApplication->triggerEvent() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:1190 4 Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->route() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:796 3 Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->route() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:218 2 Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->doExecute() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:225 1 Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->execute() JROOT/index.php:49 - Query Time: 0.15 ms After last query: 3.90 ms Query memory: 0.023 MB Memory before query: 13.567 MB Rows returned: 9
SELECT `groups`.*, `groups`.title AS text, `groups`.id AS `value`
FROM ospsg_usergroups AS `groups`id select_type table partitions type possible_keys key key_len ref rows filtered Extra 1 SIMPLE groups NULL ALL NULL NO INDEX KEY COULD BE USED NULL NULL 9 100.00 NULL Status Duration starting 0.02 ms Executing hook on transaction 0.00 ms starting 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms Opening tables 0.01 ms init 0.00 ms System lock 0.00 ms optimizing 0.00 ms statistics 0.01 ms preparing 0.01 ms executing 0.02 ms end 0.00 ms query end 0.00 ms waiting for handler commit 0.00 ms closing tables 0.00 ms freeing items 0.01 ms cleaning up 0.01 ms # Caller File and line number 15 JDatabaseDriverMysqli->execute() JROOT/libraries/joomla/database/driver.php:1701 14 JDatabaseDriver->loadObjectList() JROOT/administrator/components/com_acym/libraries/joomla/database.php:32 13 acym_loadObjectList() JROOT/administrator/components/com_acym/libraries/joomla/user.php:46 12 acym_getGroups() JROOT/administrator/components/com_acym/dynamics/createuser/plugin.php:21 11 plgAcymcreateuser->__construct() JROOT/administrator/components/com_acym/libraries/joomla/extension.php:118 10 acym_loadPlugins() JROOT/administrator/components/com_acym/helpers/global/addon.php:21 9 acym_trigger() JROOT/plugins/system/acymtriggers/acymtriggers.php:424 8 plgSystemAcymtriggers->onAfterRoute() JROOT/libraries/joomla/event/event.php:70 7 JEvent->update() JROOT/libraries/joomla/event/dispatcher.php:160 6 JEventDispatcher->trigger() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/BaseApplication.php:108 5 Joomla\CMS\Application\BaseApplication->triggerEvent() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:1190 4 Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->route() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:796 3 Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->route() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:218 2 Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->doExecute() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:225 1 Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->execute() JROOT/index.php:49 - Query Time: 2.10 ms After last query: 8.06 ms Query memory: 0.006 MB Memory before query: 15.254 MB
UPDATE `ospsg_extensions`
SET `params` = '{\"mediaversion\":\"1c597f6e8f2129e3f3a6aff70afcd1b8\"}'
WHERE `type` = 'library'
AND `element` = 'joomla'EXPLAIN not possible on query: UPDATE `ospsg_extensions` SET `params` = '{\"mediaversion\":\"1c597f6e8f2129e3f3a6aff70afcd1b8\"}' WHERE `type` = 'library' AND `element` = 'joomla'Status Duration starting 0.03 ms Executing hook on transaction 0.00 ms starting 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms Opening tables 0.02 ms init 0.00 ms System lock 0.06 ms updating 0.05 ms end 0.00 ms query end 0.00 ms waiting for handler commit 1.85 ms closing tables 0.04 ms freeing items 0.01 ms cleaning up 0.00 ms # Caller File and line number 14 JDatabaseDriverMysqli->execute() JROOT/libraries/src/Helper/LibraryHelper.php:117 13 Joomla\CMS\Helper\LibraryHelper::saveParams() JROOT/libraries/src/Version.php:372 12 Joomla\CMS\Version->setMediaVersion() JROOT/libraries/src/Version.php:331 11 Joomla\CMS\Version->getMediaVersion() JROOT/libraries/src/Factory.php:778 10 Joomla\CMS\Factory::createDocument() JROOT/libraries/src/Factory.php:234 9 Joomla\CMS\Factory::getDocument() JROOT/plugins/system/cwgears/cwgears.php:200 8 plgSystemCwgears->onAfterRoute() JROOT/libraries/joomla/event/event.php:70 7 JEvent->update() JROOT/libraries/joomla/event/dispatcher.php:160 6 JEventDispatcher->trigger() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/BaseApplication.php:108 5 Joomla\CMS\Application\BaseApplication->triggerEvent() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:1190 4 Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->route() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:796 3 Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->route() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:218 2 Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->doExecute() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:225 1 Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->execute() JROOT/index.php:49 - Query Time: 0.52 ms After last query: 3.84 ms Query memory: 0.028 MB Memory before query: 15.871 MB Rows returned: 42
SELECT `id`,`name`,`rules`,`parent_id`
FROM `ospsg_assets`
WHERE `name` IN ('root.1','com_actionlogs','com_acym','com_admin','com_ajax','com_associations','com_banners','com_cache','com_categories','com_checkin','com_config','com_contact','com_content','com_contenthistory','com_contenttemplater','com_cpanel','com_extplorer','com_fields','com_finder','com_hitstepsanalytics','com_installer','com_ipmapping','com_jce','com_joomlaupdate','com_languages','com_login','com_mailto','com_media','com_menus','com_messages','com_modules','com_newsfeeds','com_osmap','com_plugins','com_postinstall','com_privacy','com_redirect','com_regularlabsmanager','com_search','com_tags','com_templates','com_users','com_wrapper')id select_type table partitions type possible_keys key key_len ref rows filtered Extra 1 SIMPLE ospsg_assets NULL range idx_asset_name idx_asset_name 202 NULL 43 100.00 Using index condition Status Duration starting 0.05 ms Executing hook on transaction 0.00 ms starting 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms Opening tables 0.03 ms init 0.00 ms System lock 0.01 ms optimizing 0.01 ms statistics 0.08 ms preparing 0.01 ms executing 0.26 ms end 0.00 ms query end 0.00 ms waiting for handler commit 0.01 ms closing tables 0.00 ms freeing items 0.01 ms cleaning up 0.01 ms # Caller File and line number 18 JDatabaseDriverMysqli->execute() JROOT/libraries/joomla/database/driver.php:1701 17 JDatabaseDriver->loadObjectList() JROOT/libraries/src/Access/Access.php:429 16 Joomla\CMS\Access\Access::preloadComponents() JROOT/libraries/src/Access/Access.php:213 15 Joomla\CMS\Access\Access::preload() JROOT/libraries/src/Access/Access.php:531 14 Joomla\CMS\Access\Access::getAssetRules() JROOT/libraries/src/Access/Access.php:183 13 Joomla\CMS\Access\Access::check() JROOT/libraries/src/User/User.php:398 12 Joomla\CMS\User\User->authorise() JROOT/components/com_content/models/article.php:58 11 ContentModelArticle->populateState() JROOT/libraries/src/MVC/Model/BaseDatabaseModel.php:457 10 Joomla\CMS\MVC\Model\BaseDatabaseModel->getState() JROOT/components/com_content/models/article.php:251 9 ContentModelArticle->hit() JROOT/components/com_content/controller.php:113 8 ContentController->display() JROOT/libraries/src/MVC/Controller/BaseController.php:702 7 Joomla\CMS\MVC\Controller\BaseController->execute() JROOT/components/com_content/content.php:43 6 require_once JROOT/components/com_content/content.php JROOT/libraries/src/Component/ComponentHelper.php:402 5 Joomla\CMS\Component\ComponentHelper::executeComponent() JROOT/libraries/src/Component/ComponentHelper.php:377 4 Joomla\CMS\Component\ComponentHelper::renderComponent() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:194 3 Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->dispatch() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:233 2 Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->doExecute() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:225 1 Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->execute() JROOT/index.php:49 - Query Time: 2.06 ms After last query: 0.11 ms Query memory: 0.282 MB Memory before query: 15.922 MB Rows returned: 1677
SELECT `id`,`name`,`rules`,`parent_id`
FROM `ospsg_assets`
WHERE `name` LIKE 'com_content.%' OR `name` = 'com_content' OR `parent_id` = 0id select_type table partitions type possible_keys key key_len ref rows filtered Extra 1 SIMPLE ospsg_assets NULL ALL idx_asset_name,idx_parent_id NO INDEX KEY COULD BE USED NULL NULL 3187 20.55 Using where Status Duration starting 0.03 ms Executing hook on transaction 0.00 ms starting 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms Opening tables 0.02 ms init 0.00 ms System lock 0.00 ms optimizing 0.01 ms statistics 0.04 ms preparing 0.01 ms executing 1.87 ms end 0.00 ms query end 0.00 ms waiting for handler commit 0.00 ms closing tables 0.00 ms freeing items 0.01 ms cleaning up 0.01 ms # Caller File and line number 18 JDatabaseDriverMysqli->execute() JROOT/libraries/joomla/database/driver.php:1701 17 JDatabaseDriver->loadObjectList() JROOT/libraries/src/Access/Access.php:359 16 Joomla\CMS\Access\Access::preloadPermissions() JROOT/libraries/src/Access/Access.php:226 15 Joomla\CMS\Access\Access::preload() JROOT/libraries/src/Access/Access.php:540 14 Joomla\CMS\Access\Access::getAssetRules() JROOT/libraries/src/Access/Access.php:183 13 Joomla\CMS\Access\Access::check() JROOT/libraries/src/User/User.php:398 12 Joomla\CMS\User\User->authorise() JROOT/components/com_content/models/article.php:58 11 ContentModelArticle->populateState() JROOT/libraries/src/MVC/Model/BaseDatabaseModel.php:457 10 Joomla\CMS\MVC\Model\BaseDatabaseModel->getState() JROOT/components/com_content/models/article.php:251 9 ContentModelArticle->hit() JROOT/components/com_content/controller.php:113 8 ContentController->display() JROOT/libraries/src/MVC/Controller/BaseController.php:702 7 Joomla\CMS\MVC\Controller\BaseController->execute() JROOT/components/com_content/content.php:43 6 require_once JROOT/components/com_content/content.php JROOT/libraries/src/Component/ComponentHelper.php:402 5 Joomla\CMS\Component\ComponentHelper::executeComponent() JROOT/libraries/src/Component/ComponentHelper.php:377 4 Joomla\CMS\Component\ComponentHelper::renderComponent() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:194 3 Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->dispatch() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:233 2 Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->doExecute() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:225 1 Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->execute() JROOT/index.php:49 - Query Time: 1.14 ms After last query: 1.74 ms Query memory: 0.031 MB Memory before query: 17.298 MB Rows returned: 31
SHOW FULL COLUMNS
FROM `ospsg_content`EXPLAIN not possible on query: SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `ospsg_content`Status Duration starting 0.03 ms Executing hook on transaction 0.00 ms starting 0.03 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms Opening tables 0.31 ms init 0.01 ms System lock 0.01 ms optimizing 0.02 ms statistics 0.06 ms preparing 0.02 ms Creating tmp table 0.03 ms executing 0.05 ms checking permissions 0.05 ms checking permissions 0.02 ms checking permissions 0.02 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.02 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.02 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.02 ms checking permissions 0.02 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.01 ms checking permissions 0.04 ms end 0.00 ms query end 0.00 ms waiting for handler commit 0.01 ms closing tables 0.01 ms freeing items 0.02 ms cleaning up 0.01 ms # Caller File and line number 16 JDatabaseDriverMysqli->execute() JROOT/libraries/joomla/database/driver.php:1701 15 JDatabaseDriver->loadObjectList() JROOT/libraries/joomla/database/driver/mysqli.php:448 14 JDatabaseDriverMysqli->getTableColumns() JROOT/libraries/src/Table/Table.php:261 13 Joomla\CMS\Table\Table->getFields() JROOT/libraries/src/Table/Table.php:180 12 Joomla\CMS\Table\Table->__construct() JROOT/libraries/src/Table/Content.php:39 11 Joomla\CMS\Table\Content->__construct() JROOT/libraries/src/Table/Table.php:328 10 Joomla\CMS\Table\Table::getInstance() JROOT/components/com_content/models/article.php:253 9 ContentModelArticle->hit() JROOT/components/com_content/controller.php:113 8 ContentController->display() JROOT/libraries/src/MVC/Controller/BaseController.php:702 7 Joomla\CMS\MVC\Controller\BaseController->execute() JROOT/components/com_content/content.php:43 6 require_once JROOT/components/com_content/content.php JROOT/libraries/src/Component/ComponentHelper.php:402 5 Joomla\CMS\Component\ComponentHelper::executeComponent() JROOT/libraries/src/Component/ComponentHelper.php:377 4 Joomla\CMS\Component\ComponentHelper::renderComponent() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:194 3 Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->dispatch() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:233 2 Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->doExecute() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:225 1 Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->execute() JROOT/index.php:49 - Query Time: 2.04 ms After last query: 1.61 ms Query memory: 0.006 MB Memory before query: 17.557 MB
UPDATE ospsg_content
SET `hits` = (`hits` + 1)
WHERE `id` = '132'EXPLAIN not possible on query: UPDATE ospsg_content SET `hits` = (`hits` + 1) WHERE `id` = '132'Status Duration starting 0.02 ms Executing hook on transaction 0.00 ms starting 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms Opening tables 0.02 ms init 0.00 ms System lock 0.03 ms updating 0.08 ms end 0.00 ms query end 0.00 ms waiting for handler commit 1.82 ms closing tables 0.01 ms freeing items 0.01 ms cleaning up 0.00 ms # Caller File and line number 11 JDatabaseDriverMysqli->execute() JROOT/libraries/src/Table/Table.php:1264 10 Joomla\CMS\Table\Table->hit() JROOT/components/com_content/models/article.php:254 9 ContentModelArticle->hit() JROOT/components/com_content/controller.php:113 8 ContentController->display() JROOT/libraries/src/MVC/Controller/BaseController.php:702 7 Joomla\CMS\MVC\Controller\BaseController->execute() JROOT/components/com_content/content.php:43 6 require_once JROOT/components/com_content/content.php JROOT/libraries/src/Component/ComponentHelper.php:402 5 Joomla\CMS\Component\ComponentHelper::executeComponent() JROOT/libraries/src/Component/ComponentHelper.php:377 4 Joomla\CMS\Component\ComponentHelper::renderComponent() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:194 3 Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->dispatch() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:233 2 Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->doExecute() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:225 1 Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->execute() JROOT/index.php:49 - Query Time: 0.35 ms After last query: 1.22 ms Query memory: 0.039 MB Memory before query: 17.714 MB Rows returned: 1
SELECT a.id, a.asset_id, a.title, a.alias, a.introtext, a.fulltext, a.state, a.catid, a.created, a.created_by, a.created_by_alias,
CASE WHEN a.modified = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' THEN a.created ELSE a.modified END as modified, a.modified_by, a.checked_out, a.checked_out_time, a.publish_up, a.publish_down, a.images, a.urls, a.attribs, a.version, a.ordering, a.metakey, a.metadesc, a.access, a.hits, a.metadata, a.featured, a.language, a.xreference,c.title AS category_title, c.alias AS category_alias, c.access AS category_access,u.name AS author,parent.title as parent_title, parent.id as parent_id, parent.path as parent_route, parent.alias as parent_alias,ROUND(v.rating_sum / v.rating_count, 0) AS rating, v.rating_count as rating_count
FROM ospsg_content AS a
INNER JOIN ospsg_categories AS c
on c.id = a.catid
LEFT JOIN ospsg_users AS u
on u.id = a.created_by
LEFT JOIN ospsg_categories as parent
ON parent.id = c.parent_id
LEFT JOIN ospsg_content_rating AS v
ON a.id = v.content_id
WHERE a.id = 132
AND c.published > 0
AND (a.publish_up = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR a.publish_up <= '2026-04-25 09:36:08')
AND (a.publish_down = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR a.publish_down >= '2026-04-25 09:36:08')
AND (a.state = 1 OR a.state =2)id select_type table partitions type possible_keys key key_len ref rows filtered Extra 1 SIMPLE a NULL const PRIMARY,idx_state,idx_catid PRIMARY 4 const 1 100.00 NULL 1 SIMPLE c NULL const PRIMARY PRIMARY 4 const 1 100.00 NULL 1 SIMPLE u NULL const PRIMARY PRIMARY 4 const 1 100.00 NULL 1 SIMPLE parent NULL const PRIMARY PRIMARY 4 const 1 100.00 NULL 1 SIMPLE v NULL const PRIMARY PRIMARY 4 const 0 0.00 unique row not found Status Duration starting 0.08 ms Executing hook on transaction 0.00 ms starting 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms Opening tables 0.05 ms init 0.00 ms System lock 0.01 ms optimizing 0.02 ms statistics 0.07 ms preparing 0.01 ms executing 0.03 ms end 0.00 ms query end 0.00 ms waiting for handler commit 0.01 ms closing tables 0.01 ms freeing items 0.01 ms cleaning up 0.01 ms # Caller File and line number 15 JDatabaseDriverMysqli->execute() JROOT/libraries/joomla/database/driver.php:1662 14 JDatabaseDriver->loadObject() JROOT/components/com_content/models/article.php:151 13 ContentModelArticle->getItem() JROOT/libraries/src/MVC/View/HtmlView.php:425 12 Joomla\CMS\MVC\View\HtmlView->get() JROOT/components/com_content/views/article/view.html.php:42 11 ContentViewArticle->display() JROOT/libraries/src/Cache/Controller/ViewController.php:102 10 Joomla\CMS\Cache\Controller\ViewController->get() JROOT/libraries/src/MVC/Controller/BaseController.php:655 9 Joomla\CMS\MVC\Controller\BaseController->display() JROOT/components/com_content/controller.php:118 8 ContentController->display() JROOT/libraries/src/MVC/Controller/BaseController.php:702 7 Joomla\CMS\MVC\Controller\BaseController->execute() JROOT/components/com_content/content.php:43 6 require_once JROOT/components/com_content/content.php JROOT/libraries/src/Component/ComponentHelper.php:402 5 Joomla\CMS\Component\ComponentHelper::executeComponent() JROOT/libraries/src/Component/ComponentHelper.php:377 4 Joomla\CMS\Component\ComponentHelper::renderComponent() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:194 3 Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->dispatch() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:233 2 Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->doExecute() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:225 1 Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->execute() JROOT/index.php:49 - Query Time: 0.61 ms After last query: 1.43 ms Query memory: 0.045 MB Memory before query: 17.939 MB Rows returned: 5
SELECT c.id, c.asset_id, c.access, c.alias, c.checked_out, c.checked_out_time, c.created_time, c.created_user_id, c.description, c.extension, c.hits, c.language, c.level, c.lft, c.metadata, c.metadesc, c.metakey, c.modified_time, c.note, c.params, c.parent_id, c.path, c.published, c.rgt, c.title, c.modified_user_id, c.version,
CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(c.alias) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', c.id, c.alias) ELSE c.id END as slug
FROM `ospsg_categories` AS `s`
INNER JOIN `ospsg_categories` AS `c`
ON (s.lft <= c.lft
AND c.lft < s.rgt) OR (c.lft < s.lft
AND s.rgt < c.rgt)
WHERE (c.extension='com_content' OR c.extension='system')
AND c.access IN (1,1)
AND c.published = 1
AND s.id = 109
ORDER BY c.lftid select_type table partitions type possible_keys key key_len ref rows filtered Extra 1 SIMPLE s NULL const PRIMARY,idx_left_right PRIMARY 4 const 1 100.00 Using filesort 1 SIMPLE c NULL ALL cat_idx,idx_access,idx_left_right NO INDEX KEY COULD BE USED NULL NULL 162 71.33 Using where Status Duration starting 0.06 ms Executing hook on transaction 0.00 ms starting 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms checking permissions 0.00 ms Opening tables 0.03 ms init 0.01 ms System lock 0.00 ms optimizing 0.02 ms statistics 0.10 ms preparing 0.02 ms executing 0.27 ms end 0.00 ms query end 0.00 ms waiting for handler commit 0.01 ms closing tables 0.01 ms freeing items 0.02 ms cleaning up 0.01 ms # Caller File and line number 25 JDatabaseDriverMysqli->execute() JROOT/libraries/joomla/database/driver.php:1701 24 JDatabaseDriver->loadObjectList() JROOT/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:324 23 Joomla\CMS\Categories\Categories->_load() JROOT/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:184 22 Joomla\CMS\Categories\Categories->get() JROOT/components/com_content/router.php:72 21 ContentRouter->getCategorySegment() Same as call in the line below. 20 call_user_func_array() JROOT/libraries/src/Component/Router/RouterView.php:120 19 Joomla\CMS\Component\Router\RouterView->getPath() JROOT/libraries/src/Component/Router/Rules/MenuRules.php:111 18 Joomla\CMS\Component\Router\Rules\MenuRules->preprocess() JROOT/libraries/src/Component/Router/RouterView.php:222 17 Joomla\CMS\Component\Router\RouterView->preprocess() JROOT/libraries/src/Router/SiteRouter.php:676 16 Joomla\CMS\Router\SiteRouter->processBuildRules() JROOT/libraries/src/Router/Router.php:266 15 Joomla\CMS\Router\Router->build() JROOT/libraries/src/Router/SiteRouter.php:155 14 Joomla\CMS\Router\SiteRouter->build() JROOT/libraries/src/Router/Route.php:144 13 Joomla\CMS\Router\Route::link() JROOT/libraries/src/Router/Route.php:93 12 Joomla\CMS\Router\Route::_() JROOT/components/com_content/views/article/view.html.php:71 11 ContentViewArticle->display() JROOT/libraries/src/Cache/Controller/ViewController.php:102 10 Joomla\CMS\Cache\Controller\ViewController->get() JROOT/libraries/src/MVC/Controller/BaseController.php:655 9 Joomla\CMS\MVC\Controller\BaseController->display() JROOT/components/com_content/controller.php:118 8 ContentController->display() JROOT/libraries/src/MVC/Controller/BaseController.php:702 7 Joomla\CMS\MVC\Controller\BaseController->execute() JROOT/components/com_content/content.php:43 6 require_once JROOT/components/com_content/content.php JROOT/libraries/src/Component/ComponentHelper.php:402 5 Joomla\CMS\Component\ComponentHelper::executeComponent() JROOT/libraries/src/Component/ComponentHelper.php:377 4 Joomla\CMS\Component\ComponentHelper::renderComponent() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:194 3 Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->dispatch() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:233 2 Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->doExecute() JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:225 1 Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->execute() JROOT/index.php:49 - Query Time: 1.36 ms After last query: 0.43 ms Query memory: 0.030 MB Memory before query: 18.030 MB Rows returned: 11
SELECT `m`.`tag_id`,`t`.*
FROM `ospsg_contentitem_tag_map` AS m
INNER JOIN `ospsg_tags` AS t
ON `m`.`tag_id` = `t`.`id`
WHERE `m`.`type_alias` = 'com_content.article'
AND `m`.`content_item_id` = 132
AND `t`.`published` = 1
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23 Query Types Logged, Sorted by Occurrences.
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Credits
Boon Leong Ng; Francisco Esquembre
Briefing Doc: 📈Distribution of Sample Means from a Normal Population
Source: "Distribution of sample means from a normal population JavaScript HTML5 Applet Simulation Model" by Boon Leong Ng and Francisco Esquembre - Open Educational Resources / Open Source Physics @ Singapore
Main Theme: This interactive applet, hosted on the Open Educational Resources / Open Source Physics @ Singapore website, visually demonstrates the Central Limit Theorem. The simulation explores how the distribution of sample means changes as we repeatedly draw samples from a normally distributed population.
Key Ideas & Facts:
- Sampling Distribution of the Mean: The applet allows users to define a population's mean and standard deviation. By repeatedly taking samples of a chosen size, the applet generates a histogram representing the distribution of the sample means.
- Central Limit Theorem Visualization: The core concept illustrated is that as the number of samples increases, the distribution of the sample means approaches a normal distribution, regardless of the shape of the original population distribution.
- Interactive Exploration: Users can manipulate the population parameters (mean and standard deviation), sample size, and the number of samples taken. This interactivity helps users observe how these factors influence the shape and characteristics of the sampling distribution.
- Gaussian Curve Fitting: The applet provides an overlay of a Gaussian curve that users can adjust to fit the generated histogram. This feature emphasizes the convergence towards normality and allows for an intuitive understanding of the relationship between the sample mean distribution and the normal distribution.
Important Quotes:
- About the Applet: "This applet demonstrates what happens when many samples are taken repeatedly from a population of fixed normal distribution."
- Instructions: "Click on the checkbox to see another Gaussian curve. Try and adjust its mean and standard deviation to determine the best fit for the histogram."
Educational Value:
This applet is a valuable tool for teaching and learning about sampling distributions and the Central Limit Theorem. Its interactive nature allows for active engagement and exploration, making the abstract concept of the Central Limit Theorem more accessible and understandable.
Sampling Distributions and the Normal Distribution Study Guide
Quiz
Instructions: Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences each.
- What is a sampling distribution?
- How does the Central Limit Theorem relate to sampling distributions?
- If you increase the sample size, how does this affect the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the mean?
- What is the relationship between the population mean and the mean of the sampling distribution of the mean?
- Explain why the shape of a sampling distribution of the mean often resembles a normal distribution.
- What information do you need about a population to construct a sampling distribution of the mean?
- Can a sampling distribution be created for other sample statistics besides the mean? Give an example.
- How is the standard error of the mean calculated?
- Why is the concept of sampling distributions important in inferential statistics?
- Describe how you could use the "Distribution of sample means from a normal population" applet to demonstrate the impact of sample size on the sampling distribution.
Answer Key
- A sampling distribution is a probability distribution of a statistic (like the mean) obtained from a large number of samples drawn from a specific population. It shows the frequency of different values of the statistic across all possible samples.
- The Central Limit Theorem states that as the sample size increases, the sampling distribution of the mean approaches a normal distribution, regardless of the shape of the original population distribution, provided the population has a finite variance.
- Increasing the sample size decreases the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the mean. This means the distribution becomes more concentrated around the population mean.
- The mean of the sampling distribution of the mean is equal to the population mean. This is a key property of unbiased estimators.
- The shape of a sampling distribution of the mean often resembles a normal distribution because of the Central Limit Theorem. As sample size increases, the distribution of sample means converges towards a normal distribution.
- To construct a sampling distribution of the mean, you need to know the population mean, the population standard deviation, and the desired sample size.
- Yes, sampling distributions can be created for other sample statistics. For example, you could create a sampling distribution of the sample proportion, where each sample provides the proportion of individuals with a specific characteristic.
- The standard error of the mean (SEM) is calculated by dividing the population standard deviation by the square root of the sample size. It represents the variability of the sample means around the population mean.
- Sampling distributions are crucial in inferential statistics because they allow us to make inferences about a population based on a sample. By understanding the properties of sampling distributions, we can estimate population parameters and test hypotheses.
- In the applet, you could set a fixed population mean and standard deviation. Then, run the simulation multiple times, each time varying the sample size. Observe how the shape of the histogram and the standard deviation of the sampling distribution changes with increasing sample size, demonstrating the Central Limit Theorem.
Essay Questions
- Explain in detail the Central Limit Theorem and its significance for statistical inference.
- Discuss the relationship between the shape of the population distribution and the shape of the sampling distribution of the mean.
- Compare and contrast the population standard deviation and the standard error of the mean. How are they related, and what do they represent?
- Explain how you would use a sampling distribution to construct a confidence interval for the population mean.
- Discuss the implications of sample size on the accuracy and precision of estimates derived from sampling distributions.
Glossary of Key Terms
Population: The entire group of individuals or objects that we are interested in studying.
Sample: A subset of individuals or objects selected from the population.
Sampling Distribution: The probability distribution of a statistic (e.g., mean, proportion) obtained from a large number of samples drawn from a population.
Central Limit Theorem: A statistical theorem stating that the sampling distribution of the mean approaches a normal distribution as the sample size increases, regardless of the shape of the population distribution (assuming finite variance).
Sample Mean: The average value of a variable in a sample.
Population Mean: The average value of a variable in the entire population.
Standard Deviation: A measure of the spread or variability of a distribution.
Standard Error of the Mean (SEM): The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the mean, representing the variability of sample means around the population mean.
Normal Distribution: A symmetrical, bell-shaped probability distribution that is widely used in statistics.
Inferential Statistics: The branch of statistics that uses sample data to make inferences about a population.
Confidence Interval: A range of values within which we are confident that the true population parameter lies.
Video
https://notebooklm.google.com/notebook/e3939db7-e220-4c6d-8a4c-0ff3910b0819/audio
Distribution of Sample Means from a Normal Population FAQ
1. What does this simulation demonstrate?
This simulation visually demonstrates the concept of sampling distributions. Specifically, it shows what happens when we repeatedly draw samples from a normally distributed population and calculate the mean of each sample. It helps illustrate how these sample means are themselves distributed.
2. How do I use the simulation?
You can control the parameters of the simulation:
- Population Mean and Standard Deviation: Define the characteristics of the original population data.
- Sample Size: Choose the number of data points you want to include in each sample.
- Number of Samples: Decide how many times you want to draw a sample from the population.
Once you set the parameters, press "play" to run the simulation. The applet will generate the specified number of samples, calculate their means, and display them in a histogram.
3. What is the significance of the histogram?
The histogram displays the distribution of the sample means. As you take more and more samples, the shape of the histogram will begin to resemble a normal distribution, even if the original population was not perfectly normal.
4. How does the Gaussian curve relate to the histogram?
The Gaussian curve (the bell curve representing a normal distribution) can be overlaid on the histogram. You can adjust its mean and standard deviation to see how well it fits the distribution of the sample means. The good fit illustrates the Central Limit Theorem.
5. What is the Central Limit Theorem?
The Central Limit Theorem states that if you take a sufficiently large number of samples from any population (even those not normally distributed), the distribution of the sample means will approximate a normal distribution. The mean of this distribution will be close to the population mean, and its standard deviation will be related to the population standard deviation and the sample size.
6. How does sample size affect the distribution of sample means?
As you increase the sample size, the distribution of sample means becomes narrower and more concentrated around the population mean. This means larger samples tend to produce more accurate estimates of the population mean.
7. Why is the distribution of sample means important?
Understanding the distribution of sample means is crucial for statistical inference. It allows us to make inferences about the population based on a sample of data. We can estimate the population mean, test hypotheses about the population, and construct confidence intervals.
8. What are some real-world applications of this concept?
This concept has numerous applications in research, business, and everyday life. It is used in:
- Surveys and polls: Estimating population opinions from a sample of respondents.
- Quality control: Monitoring the consistency of production processes.
- Medical research: Determining the effectiveness of new treatments.
- Financial analysis: Making predictions about market trends.
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- Written by Loo Kang Wee
- Parent Category: Probability and Statistics
- Category: 6 Probability and Statistics
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